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The Book of Malachi (Hebrew: סֵפֶר מַלְאָכִי, romanized: Sēfer Malʾākhî) is the last book of the Nevi'im in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and canonically the final book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. In most Christian traditions, the prophetic books form the last section of the Old Testament, making Malachi the last book before the New Testament. The book is divided into three chapters in the Hebrew Bible and Septuagint, and four in the Latin Vulgate. The fourth chapter in the Vulgate consists of the remainder of the third chapter, starting at verse 3:19.
The author of the text may or may not have been an eponymous figure named Malachi. While often regarded as a proper name, the meaning of the word is simply "my messenger" in the Hebrew language, and the Septuagint translation renders it as "his messenger." During the time the text was written, it was not used as a personal name. In tractate Megillah 15a of the Talmud, Rabbi Joshua ben Karha and Rav Nachman—both Tannaim—taught that the book was authored by Ezra the Scribe, a prominent scholar and kohen who played a significant role in shaping Jewish religious law (Halakha) and tradition.
Most scholars believe the book underwent multiple stages of redaction. The majority of its text originates in the Persian period; the oldest portions dating to c. 500 BCE. Later modifications occurred during the Hellenistic period.
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