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Saul (; Hebrew: שָׁאוּל, Šāʾūl; transl. "asked/prayed for"; Greek: Σαούλ, Saoúl) was a monarch of ancient Israel and Judah and, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament, the first king of the United Monarchy, a polity of uncertain historicity. His reign, traditionally placed in the late eleventh century BC, marked the transition of the Israelites from a scattered tribal society ruled by various judges to organized statehood.
The historicity of Saul and the United Kingdom of Israel is not universally accepted, as what is known of both comes largely from the Hebrew Bible, a controversial source. According to the text, he was anointed as king of the Israelites by Samuel, and reigned from Gibeah. Saul is said to have committed suicide when he fell on his sword during a battle with the Philistines at Mount Gilboa, in which three of his sons were also killed. Saul's son Ish-bosheth succeeded him to the throne, reigning for only two years before being killed by his own military leaders. Saul's son-in-law David then became king.
The biblical narrative of Saul's rise to kingship and his death contains several events which some scholars believe are inconsistent, as well as plays on words that scholars have discussed. These issues include potentially conflicting accounts of Saul's anointing, crowning, popular acceptance, and death, changes in the portrayal of Saul from positive to negative following David's introduction, (which 1 Samuel 16:14 attempts to explain, failing to satisfy some scholars), and etymological discrepancies in the birth narrative of Samuel, which some scholars believe described Saul's birth instead.
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General info from Wikipedia.org
